Background: To what extent uric acid (UA) levels and/or metabolic syndrome (Mets) contribute to\nthe onset of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is largely unknown. The present study explores how these\ntwo factors have an association with the new incidence of CKD. Methods: Study design is a cohort\nstudy. A total of 14,485 participants were eligible for the cross-sectional analysis on UA levels and\nthe prevalence of Mets. Among those individuals, 8,223 participants without CKD and 4,839 without\nMets were eligible for the longitudinal analysis of the new incidence of CKD. Parameters monitored\nwere body mass index, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, serum creatinine concentration, estimated\nglolerular filtration rate, lipid profiles, plasma glucose, HbA1c. The primary predictor was the\nlevel of UA and Mets to explain the newly-developed CKD. The observation period was 4 years. Results:\nIn a cross-sectional analysis, higher UA levels were associated with the greater prevalence of\nMets. In addition, UA levels were associated with the numbers of the Mets constituents in both genders.\nIn a longitudinal analysis, higher UA levels were associated with the greater rate of CKD and the\ngreater incidence of Mets. In addition, the incidence of CKD at year 4 was influenced by the presence\nof hyperuricemia, but not by that of the Mets. The odd ratio (OR) to predict the CKD incidence was\n1.42 (95% confidence intervals (CI), 0.52 to 3.78) in the presence of Mets alone, 2.10 (95% CI, 1.36 to\n3.23) in the presence of hyperuricemia alone, and 3.56 (95% CI, 1.55 to 8.21) in the presence of both.\nConclusion: Hyperuricemia has a greater association with the incidence of CKD than Mets does.\nHyperuricemia complicated by Mets is additionally detrimental.
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